Top 10 Programming Languages[2020]

10 Best Programming Languages to Learn in 2020

10. Matlab

MATLAB is a statistical analysis tool that is used in various industries for Data Analysis. MATLAB is used widely in the Computer Vision and Image processing industry as well.

Pros:-

• Eases developing scientific simulation thanks to a rich inbuilt library
• Functionality can be extended greatly by adding toolboxes
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• High coding efficiency and productivity as it doesn’t require a compiler for execution
• Ideal for developing scientific research applications
• Matlab Coder allows converting code for using in other programming languages, such as C++, Java, and Python
• Platform-independent

Cons:-

1. Not free to use, requires purchasing a license
2. Not much application beyond the scope of numerical computing
3. Dealing with errors generated during cross-compilation requires extensive knowledge and experience
4. Slower due to being an interpreted programming language

9. C#

C# is a general-purpose programming language developed by Microsoft. C# is widely used for backend programming, building games (using Unity), building Window mobile phone apps and lots of other use cases.

Pros:-

• Ability to work with shared codebases
• Automatic scalable and updateable
• Component-oriented, object-oriented programming language
• Follows a syntax similar to the C programming language
• Fully integrated with the .NET library
• Ideal for all types of Windows development
• Rich sets of library functions and data types
• Supports type safety
• Quick compilation and execution times

Cons:-

1. Allows pointers in ‘unsafe’ blocks
2. Almost all variables are references and memory deallocation is implicit using a garbage collector
3. Offers less flexibility than C++
4. Requires decent effort and time to learn
5. Resolving errors requires serious expertise and knowledge

8. PHP

PHP is among the most popular backend programming language. Though PHP is facing tough competition from Python and JavaScript, the market still needs a large number of PHP developers. Those who wish to join a reasonably well old organization as a backend developer should aim to learn PHP programming.

Pros:-

• Abundance of powerful frameworks
• Easy to get started for making web pages
• First-class debugging with Xdebug
• Gigantic community support and a huge ecosystem
• Lots of automation tools for testing and deploying applications
• No scarcity of good automation tools for deployment and testing
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Cons:-

1. Developing websites completely in PHP is slower as compared to using other options
2. Lacks in terms of security
3. Poor error handling
4. Requires extensions to a greater extent

7. Swift

Swift is the programming language that is used to develop iOS applications. iOS-based devices are becoming increasingly popular. Apple iPhone, for instance, has captured a significant market share and is giving a tough competition to Android. Therefore, those who want to serve this community can learn Swift programming.

Pros:-

• Automatic memory management prevents memory leaks
• Backed by Apple
• Better scalability allows easily adding functionalities to the product and/or bringing in additional developers
• Easy to add new features
• Encourages developers to write clean and readable code
• English-like syntax makes it highly readable
• Interoperable with Objective-C
• It is possible to integrate Server-side Swift with any technology
• Makes code sharing better and development process faster when used for both frontend and backend development
• Very fast as compared to other popular programming languages, such as Objective-C and Python

Cons:-

1. Limited community support and resources
2. Somewhat unstable due to being a relatively new arrival on the programming scene
3. No support for legacy projects; can be used only for iOS7 or later apps

6. Golang [Go]

Go, also known as Golang, is a programming language built by Google. Go provides excellent support for multithreading and so, it is being used by a lot of companies that rely heavily on distributed systems. Go is widely used in startups in Silicon Valley. However, it is yet to be adopted by Indian companies/startups. Those who wish to join a Valley-based startup specializing in core systems should master Golang.

Pros:-

• Backed by Google
• Being a statically-typed language makes it more secure
• Cleaner syntax makes it easier to learn
• Comprehensive standard library offering a range of inbuilt functions for working with primitive types
• Ideal for building SPAs (single-page applications)
• Smart documentation
• Very fast as it is compiled to machine code\

Cons:-

1. Absence of a virtual machine makes complex programs less efficient
2. Implicit interfaces
3. Lacks versatility
4. No GUI library
5. Underprivileged library support

5. C/C++

C/C++ is like the bread and butter of programming. Almost all low-level systems such as operating systems, file systems, etc are written in C/C++. If you wish to be a system-level programmer, C/C++ is the language you should learn. C++ is also widely used by competitive programmers owing to the fact that it is extremely fast and stable. C++ also provides something called STL - Standard Template Library. STL is a pool of ready-to-use libraries for various data structures, arithmetic operations, and algorithms. The library support and speed of the language make it a popular choice in the High-frequency trading community as well.

Pros:-

• A galore of compilers and libraries to work with [C++]
• Eases accessing blocked or hidden objects by other programming languages [C]
• Faster execution of programs than most programming languages [C/C++]
• Forms the basis for understanding more complex programming languages [C/C++]
• Language of choice for multi-device, multi-platform app development [C++]
• Offers a great degree of portability [C]
• Procedure-oriented language with a group of function modules and blocks. These make debugging, testing, and maintaining the programs easier [C]
• Programs are more efficient and easy to understand [C/C++]
• Rich function library [C++]
• Runs close to the system hardware and hence, offers a low level of abstraction [C/C++]
• Support exception handling and function overloading [C++]
• Wide variety of application domains, such as games, GUI applications, and real-time mathematical simulations [C++]

Cons:-

1. Complex syntax [C/C++]
2. Doesn’t support program namespace [C]
3. Incapable of solving modern, real-world programming challenges [C]
4. Less efficient object-oriented system compared to other OOP-based programming languages [C++]
5. Need to manually create the high-level constructs [C]
6. No garbage collection or dynamic memory allocation [C/C++]
7. No run-time checking [C/C++]
8. No strict type checking [C]
9. Not an easy first-choice for learning programming [C/C++]
10. Plagued by the issues of buffer overflow and memory corruption [C/C++]
11. Smaller standard library [C]

4. Java

Java is another popular choice in large organizations and it has remained so for decades. Java is widely used for building enterprise-scale web applications. Java is known to be extremely stable and so, many large enterprises have adopted it. If you are looking for a development based job at a large organization, Java is the language that you should learn. Java is also widely used in Android App Development. Almost any business today needs an Android Application owing to the fact that there are billions of Android users today. This opens up a huge opportunity for Java developers given the fact that Google has created an excellent Java-based Android development framework - Android Studio.

Pros:-

• An abundance of open-source libraries
• Automatic memory allocation and garbage collection
• Follows the OOP paradigm
• Has the stack allocation system
• A high degree of platform independence thanks to the JVM feature
• Highly secure due to the exclusion of explicit pointer and inclusion of a security manager responsible for defining the access of classes
• Ideal for distributed computing
• Offers a galore of APIs for accomplishing different tasks, such as database connection, networking, utilities, and XML parsing
• Supports multithreading

Cons:-

1. Absence of templates limits creating high-quality data structures
2. Expensive memory management
3. Slower than natively compiled programming languages, like C and C++

3. Ruby on Rails

Ruby is a programming language. It was created 27 years ago by Yukihiro “Matz” Matsumoto. By most measures of programming language popularity, Ruby ranks among the top ten, though usually as tenth (or so) in popularity, and largely due to the popularity of Rails. Like Java or the C language, Ruby is a general-purpose programming language, though it is best known for its use in web programming.AirBnB,Twitter,SoundCloud,Shopify,Kickstarter,Whitepages,Etsy use Ruby on rails programming language

Pros:-

• Best Industry Standards
• Speed of Development
• Vibrant RoR Community

Cons:-

1. Runtime Speed and Performance
2. Lack of Flexibility
3. High cost of wrong decisions in development

2. JavaScript

JavaScript is the “frontend” programming language. JavaScript is widely used to design interactive frontend applications. For instance, when you click on a button which opens up a popup, the logic is implemented via JavaScript.

In these days, many organizations, particularly startups, are using NodeJS which is a JavaScript-based run-time environment. Node.js lets developers use JavaScript for server-side scripting—running scripts server-side to produce dynamic web page content before the page is sent to the user's web browser. Hence now with JS, you can use a single programming language for server-side and client-side scripts. If you are looking for that cool tech job at your favorite startup, you should seriously consider learning JavaScript.

Pros:-

• Client-side JavaScript is very fast. It runs immediately within the web browser as there is no compilation requirement
• Gives a richer interface to a website
• Highly versatile
• It is the programming language of the web
• Reduced website server demand by virtue of being client-side
• Regular updates via the ECMA specification
• Several add-ons, such as Greasemonkey, for extending the functionality
• Simplistic implementation
• Plenty of resources and a mammoth community support
• Used for building a diverse range of applications
• Works exceptionally well with other programming languages

Cons:-

1. Absence of copy or equivalent method
2. Allows only single inheritance
3. As the code executes on the user machine, many people choose to disable JavaScript due to the fear of being exploited for a malicious intent
4. Might be interpreted differently by different browsers

1. Python

Python undoubtedly tops the list. It is widely accepted as the best programming language to learn first. Python is fast, easy-to-use, and easy-to-deploy programming language that is being widely used to develop scalable web applications. YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest, SurveyMonkey are all built-in Python. Python provides excellent library support and has a large developer community. The programming language provides a great starting point for beginners. Talking about those who are looking for a better job, you should definitely learn Python ASAP! A lot of startups are using Python as their primary backend stack and so, this opens up a huge opportunity for full-stack Python developers. Here is a sample Python “Hello World!” program: print ("Hello World)

All Programming Language have Pros and Cons as well as in the best language ever....

Pros:-

• Ceating and using classes and objects is easy thanks to OOP characteristics
• Extensive library support
• Focuses on code readability
• Has the ability to scale even the most complex applications
• Ideal for building prototypes and testing out ideas faster
• Open-source with an ever-growing community support
• Provides support for a multitude of platforms and systems
• Very easy to learn and use

Cons:-

1. Not suitable for mobile computing
2. Slower by virtue of being an interpreted programming language
3. The database access layer is somewhat immature
4. Threading isn’t good because of GIL (Global Interpreter Lock)